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    高中英語語法知識(shí)講解:主謂一致
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    一。概念:

    主謂一致是指:

    1) 語法形式上要一致,即單復(fù)數(shù)形式與謂語要一致。

    2) 意義上要一致,即主語意義上的單復(fù)數(shù)要與謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)形式一致。

    3) 就近原則,即謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)形式取決于最靠近它的詞語,一般來說,不可數(shù)名詞用動(dòng)詞單數(shù),可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)用動(dòng)詞復(fù)數(shù)。例如:There is much water in the thermos.但當(dāng)不可數(shù)名詞前有表示數(shù)量的復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如:Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.

    二。相關(guān)知識(shí)點(diǎn)精講

    1.并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時(shí)謂語用復(fù)數(shù),

    例如: Reading and writing are very important. 讀寫很重要。

    注意:當(dāng)主語由and連結(jié)時(shí),如果它表示一個(gè)單一的概念,即指同一人或同一物時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),and 此時(shí)連接的兩個(gè)詞前只有一個(gè)冠詞。例如:

    The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 鋼鐵工業(yè)對(duì)我們的生活有重要意義。

    典型例題

    The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.

    A. isB. was C. are D. were

    答案B. 注:先從時(shí)態(tài)上考慮。這是過去發(fā)生的事情應(yīng)用過去時(shí),先排除A,C.本題易誤選D,因?yàn)門he League secretary and monitor 好象是兩個(gè)人,但仔細(xì)辨別,monitor 前沒有the,在英語中,當(dāng)一人兼數(shù)職時(shí)只在第一個(gè)職務(wù)前加定冠詞。后面的職務(wù)用and 相連。這樣本題主語為一個(gè)人,所以應(yīng)選B.

    2. 主謂一致中的靠近原則

    1)當(dāng)there be 句型的主語是一系列事物時(shí),謂語應(yīng)與最鄰近的主語保持一致。例如:

    There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. 桌上有一支筆、一把小刀和幾本書。

    There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.班上有二十個(gè)男孩,二十三個(gè)女孩。

    2)當(dāng)either… or… 與neither… nor,連接兩個(gè)主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞與最鄰近的主語保持一致。如果句子是由here, there引導(dǎo),而主語又不止一個(gè)時(shí),謂語通常也和最鄰近的主語一致。例如:

    Either you or she is to go. 不是你去,就是她去。

    Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 給你筆、信封和紙。

    3.謂語動(dòng)詞與前面的主語一致

    當(dāng)主語有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等詞組成的短語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞與前面的主語部分一致。例如:

    The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. 教師和一些學(xué)生在參觀工廠。

    He as well as I wants to go boating.他和我想去劃船。

    4. 謂語需用單數(shù)的情況

    1)代詞each以及由every, some, no, any等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞作主語時(shí),或主語中含有each, every時(shí), 謂語需用單數(shù)。例如:

    Each of us has a tape-recorder. 我們每人都有錄音機(jī)。

    There is something wrong with my watch. 我的表壞了。

    2)當(dāng)主語是一本書或一條格言時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。例如:

    The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. 《天方夜譚》是英語愛好者熟悉的一本書。

    3)表示金錢,時(shí)間,價(jià)格或度量衡的復(fù)合名詞作主語時(shí),通常把這些名詞看作一個(gè)整體,謂語一般用單數(shù)。例如:

    Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. 用三個(gè)星期來做準(zhǔn)備。

    Ten yuan is enough. 十元夠了。

    5.指代意義決定謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)

    1)代詞what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由其指代的詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定。例如:

    All is right.一切順利。

    All are present.人都到齊了。

    2)集體名詞作主語時(shí),謂語的數(shù)要根據(jù)主語的意思來決定。如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等詞后,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)這個(gè)集體中的各個(gè)成員,用單數(shù)時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)該集體的整體。例如:

    His family isn't very large. 他家成員不多。

    His family are music lovers.他家個(gè)個(gè)都是音樂愛好者。

    但集合名詞people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情況下都用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如:

    Are there any police around? 附近有警察嗎?

    3)有些名詞,如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有時(shí)看作單數(shù),有時(shí)看作復(fù)數(shù)。例如:

    A number of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)+復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞。

    The number of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)+單數(shù)動(dòng)詞。

    A number of books have lent out.

    The majority of the students like English.

    6.與后接名詞或代詞保持一致的情況

    1)用half of, most of, none of, heaps of, lots of, plenty of 等引起主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞通常與of后面的名詞/代詞保持一致。例如:

    Most of his money is spent on books. 他大部分的錢化在書上了。

    Most of the students are taking an active part in sports. 大部分學(xué)生積極參與體育運(yùn)動(dòng)。

    2)用a portion of, a series of, a pile of, a panel of 等引起主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。例如:

    A series of accidents has been reported. 媒體報(bào)道了一連串的事故。

    A pile of lots was set beside the hearth. 爐邊有一堆木柴。

    3)如 many a 或 more than one 所修飾的短語作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞多用單數(shù)形式。但由more than… of 作主語時(shí),動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與其后的名詞或代詞保持一致。例如:

    Many a person has read the novel.許多人讀過這本書。

    More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的學(xué)生來自這個(gè)城市。

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